降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死临床对照观察

目的 验证降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及其血液学的改变。方法 采用病历与对照的方法将病例随机分为两组。降纤酶组１４２例（治疗组）,低分子右旋糖酐组４０例（对照组）,治疗前两组纤维蛋白原和神经功能缺损程度评分无差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结果 治疗后３天神经功能损程度评分两组比较有差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,治疗后１４天两组有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１）,降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死的总有效率比较有差异（Ｐ〈０．０５     

Species coexistence in grasslands: questionnaire on techniques and spatio-temporal scales

Abstract. All participants at the conference ‘Species coexistence and diversity maintenance in temperate grassland ecosystems’, in Bed?ichov, Czech Republic, were asked to fill in a questionnaire about the spatio-temporal parameters, study type, and species performance measures used in studies presented at the conference. 57 out of 90 participants responded. Most of the reported studies were field experiments. The major differences in approach and spatial parameters divided the studies into singular or repeated recordings. Repeated recording studies tend to use more precise measures of species quantity for species (biomass, number of individuals) than one-time recording studies. Repeated recording studies cover whole range of plot sizes, whereas singular observation studies are confined to ranges from ca. 10^?2 to 10² m. The plot size is not related to the extent in time duration, with several fine- scale studies of rather long duration. Most common experimental manipulations (biomass removal, nutrient addition) indicate that the species coexistence is addressed in a rather indirect way at the community level.     

Attractiveness qualifies the effect of observation on trusting behavior in an economic game

Recent studies show that subtle cues of observation affect cooperation even when anonymity is explicitly assured. For instance, recent studies have shown that the presence of eyes increases cooperation on social economic tasks. Here, we tested the effects of cues of observation on trusting behavior in a two-player Trust game and the extent to which these effects are qualified by participants' own attractiveness. Although explicit cues of being observed (i.e., when participants were informed that the other player would see their face) tended to increase trusting behavior, this effect was qualified by the participants' other-rated attractiveness (estimated from third-party ratings of face photographs). Participants' own physical attractiveness was positively correlated with the extent to which they trusted others more when they believed they could be seen than when they believed they could not be seen. This interaction between cues of observation and own attractiveness suggests context dependence of trusting behavior that is sensitive to whether and how others react to one's physical appearance.     

Microsatellite loci for the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, a nest parasite of honey bees

Aethina tumida, a beetle parasite of honey bee colonies, has recently and dramatically expanded its range and now parasitizes honey bees on three continents. Polymorphic microsatellite loci for this beetle species will help map this continuing range expansion, and will also prove useful for exploring the mating system and local gene flow patterns for this important parasite. We describe 15 loci that are polymorphic in both the native and introduced ranges of this species, showing from two to 22 alleles.     

蛇伤清毒合剂治疗蝮蛇咬伤临床观察

目的观察蛇伤清毒合剂治疗蝮蛇咬伤的临床疗效。方法将82例蝮蛇咬伤患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加服蛇伤清毒合剂。观察比较两组止痛时间、肿胀消退时间、疗程时间及两组患者局部坏死发生率、呼吸肌麻痹、急性肾功能衰竭发生率。蛄果蛇伤清毒合剂治疗组能缩短止痛时间、肿胀消退时间-减少局部坏死发生率、呼吸肌麻痹、急性肾功能衰竭发生率,与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）。蛄论蛇伤清毒合剂能显著提高蝮蛇咬伤的疗效。     

双环醇片治疗慢性肝炎高转氨酶血症的疗效观察

目的:观察双环醇片治疗慢性肝炎高转氨酶血症的临床疗效。方法:选择住院或门诊慢性肝炎高转氨酶血症患者280例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组141例,对照组139例。治疗组在常规保肝治疗的基础上加用双环醇片25m每日3次口服,对照组在常规保肝治疗的基础上加用甘利欣胶囊150mg每日3次口服。疗程均为4周。治疗前后每周详细记录患者症状、体征、肝功能、肾功能、电解质、及血尿常规,同时记录治疗过程中的不良反应及停药后随访3个月。结果:两组均有显著疗效,肝功能生化指标与治疗前相比有显著性差异(治疗组P<0.01,对照组P<0.05),治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05),且治疗组出现的不良反应明显少于对照组。结论:双环醇片治疗慢性肝炎高转氨酶血症疗效好,不良反应较少,值得临床推广。     

The role of β3 integrin gene variants in Autism Spectrum Disorders — Diagnosis and symptomatology

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) represent a group of very complex early-onset neurodevelopmental diseases. In this study, we analyzed 5 SNPs (rs2317385, rs5918, rs15908, rs12603582, rs3809865) at the β3 integrin locus (ITGB3), which has been suggested as a possible susceptibility gene, both as single markers and as part of haplotypes in 209 ASD children and their biological parents. We tested for association with the following: a) DSM-IV ASD diagnosis; b) clinical symptoms common in ASD patients (repetitive behaviors, echolalia, seizures and epilepsy, mood instability, aggression, psychomotor agitation, sleep disorders); and c) dimensional scores obtained with the Autism Screening Questionnaire and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. These hypotheses were investigated using family-based tests, logistic regression models and analysis of covariance. The family-based tests showed an association with the H5 haplotype (composed by GTCGA alleles, the order of SNPs as above), which was transmitted less often than expected by chance (P = 0.006; P_corr = 0.036). The analyses of the clinical symptoms showed a trend for an association with rs12603582 (P = 0.008; P_corr = 0.064) and positive results for the haplotype composed of rs15908 and rs12603582 (P_glcorr = 0.048; P_indcorr = 0.015), both in symptoms of echolalia. Other nominal associations with different variants were found and involved epilepsy/seizures, aggression symptoms and higher ASQ scores. Although our positive results are not definitive, they suggest small effect associations of the ITGB3 gene with both ASD diagnosis and symptoms of echolalia. Other studies are nonetheless needed to fully understand the involvement of this locus on the etiology of ASDs and its different clinical aspects.     

Hit‐and‐run trophallaxis of small hive beetles

Some parasites of social insects are able to exploit the exchange of food between nestmates via trophallaxis, because they are chemically disguised as nestmates. However, a few parasites succeed in trophallactic solicitation although they are attacked by workers. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The small hive beetle (=SHB), Aethina tumida, is such a parasite of honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies and is able to induce trophallaxis. Here, we investigate whether SHB trophallactic solicitation is innate and affected by sex and experience. We quantified characteristics of the trophallactic solicitation in SHBs from laboratory‐reared individuals that were either bee‐naïve or had 5 days experience. The data clearly show that SHB trophallactic solicitation is innate and further suggest that it can be influenced by both experience and sex. Inexperienced SHB males begged more often than any of the other groups had longer breaks than their experienced counterparts and a longer soliciting duration than both experienced SHB males and females, suggesting that they start rather slowly and gain more from experience. Successful experienced females and males were not significantly different from each other in relation to successful trophallactic interactions, but had a significantly shorter soliciting duration compared to all other groups, except successful inexperienced females. Trophallactic solicitation success, feeding duration and begging duration were not significantly affected by either SHB sex or experience, supporting the notion that these behaviors are important for survival in host colonies. Overall, success seems to be governed by quality rather than quantity of interactions, thereby probably limiting both SHB energy investment and chance of injury (<1%). Trophallactic solicitation by SHBs is a singular example for an alternative strategy to exploit insect societies without requiring chemical disguise. Hit‐and‐run trophallaxis is an attractive test system to get an insight into trophallaxis in the social insects.     

A root observation chamber for replicated use in a natural plant community

Summary A relatively small, low cost root observation chamber of steel construction has been designed for replicated use in a natural plant community. An undisturbed soil profile, suitable for detailed study can be obtained by avoiding conventional backfilling methods and despite such factors as the recognized need for teh chamber roof to be below ground level. Installation procedure emphasizes preparation of the observation face in established woody plant communities. The technique incorporates microscopic study of roots and simultaneous recording of major soil climatic factors.